Adapting to climate change 

The major issue in the long-term development of climate change policy is the "challenge of designing architectures for global adaptation governance," the paper states. 

For the time being, the authors believe that the required level of adaptation to climate change "exceeds the institutional capacities of many nations". National institutions are in need of "redesigning and strengthening, while new governance mechanisms are required," the paper claims. 

Meanwhile, the authors warn that climate change could have "detrimental effects on where people can live as well as on their ability to produce and access food". 

"Improved state-of-the-art research on farming technologies in developing countries" could help to counter this, the paper suggests. 

Developing countries are at a "competitive disadvantage", however, as a result of disparities in agricultural research funding, the authors admit. It is thus highly likely that developed countries and the private sector will have a special role in helping the developing contries' farming sectors to adapt, the paper argues. 

Renegotiating international property rights in the agricultural field could help support developing countries too, the authors add. They believe this could happen under an Adaptation Food Security Protocol, within "the only institution capable of bringing together diverse actors needed to bring about change":the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 

The paper also warns of potentially millions of climate refugees in the decades to come, as "existing governance mechanisms are not sufficiently equipped to deal with this looming crisis". To meet the challenge, the authors believe new legal instruments "specifically tailored to the needs of climate refugees" are required. 

All these proposals are meant to avert terrible disasters, the paper says, calling for them to be framed in terms of "planned and organised voluntary resettlement programmes". 

Thus, the paper concludes by calling for "early action" to establish effective and appropriate governance mechanisms.