L’UE cherche une stratégie de sortie alors que le chômage monte en flèche[en] 

The euro zone officially entered recession in November last year, recording a decline in GDP for the second consecutive quarter (EurActiv 14/11/08).

As the impact of the recession spread across Europe, thousands of people lost their jobs this year.

A €19 billion plan to kick-start Europe's job market during the economic crisis was launched in June, but it was dismissed by unions and business groups as misguided (EurActiv 04/06/09). 

Earlier this year, a downgraded EU employment summit in Prague agreed ten measures to fight soaring unemployment and calm sweeping social unrest, which has brought thousands of people to the streets across Europe (EurActiv 08/05/09).

While EU heads of state and government were meeting in Brussels for the European summit, Eurostat today (30 October) issued  alarming unemployment figures.

According to the EU statistical office, unemployment in the euro zone reached the record rate of 9.7% in September, "the highest rate since January 1999". In absolute terms, this means that over 15 million people in the sixteen countries of the euro area are without a job.

The figure for unemployed workers reaches 22.1 million in the whole European Union, almost 300,000 more in comparison to August, and up from 17 million in September 2008.

In Spain, the most hit country in the euro zone, the jobless rate reached 19.3%, followed by Ireland (13.01%) and France (10%). In the wider EU, the situation worsened worryingly in the Baltic countries: Latvia recorded a 19.7% unemployment rate, Lithuania 13.8% and Estonia 13.3%. Moreover, figures for Lithuania and Estonia relate to June, when the economic situation was arguably better.

"As the employment situation in Europe can be expected to deteriorate further, a continued political commitment to active labour market policies is required," stressed the final conclusions of today's European summit in Brussels.

“It is necessary to take measures to support the connection to the labour market and to prevent high unemployment levels from becoming persistent, thus ensuring high employment levels and sustainable public finances in the long run," adds the document.

Taking this into account, leaders decided not to set any precise timing for the beginning of the so-called exit strategy from current stimulus measures to support the economy. On the matter, the conclusions of the summit repeat, almost word-for-word, the joint text adopted earlier this month by EU finance ministers.

However, leaders did not include the 2011 deadline to put an end to stimulus packages. "Leaders did not want to embark in clear engagements in a situation which remains vague," an EU source underlined.

This vagueness follows worrying figures issued by Eurostat, but also reflects divergent views among social actors concerning the timing for exit strategies.

Trade unions want a new stimulus package. "Europe must draw up a second recovery plan to meet the challenges it is facing in the short term," underlined European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) General-Secretary John Monks after the Tripartite Social Summit, held yesterday before the European Council.

SMEs agreed with this message, with UEAPME President Georg Toifl underlining : "It is clear to us that the crisis is not over, and that efforts to lead Europe out of it must continue."

But the federation of EU employers had a different view: "Timely and coordinated withdrawal of state interventions in the financial sector must be prepared in order to be ready once the recovery is secure," stressed Philippe de Buck, director-general of BusinessEurope.